München Hofbräuhaus Postcard late 19th century[/caption]The Hofbräuhaus at Platzl 9, is a beer hall in Munich originally built in 1589 by Bavarian Duke Maximilian I. Everything but the ground floor was destroyed in the bombing during WWII; it was not rebuilt until 1958. From 1930 to 1945 the innkeeper of the Hofbräuhaus was Hans Bacherln. When the Hofbräuhaus celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1939, the Hofbräuhaus officially ceased to be known as ‘Königliches Hofbräuhaus’ and hence forth was known as the ‘Staatliches Hofbräuhaus’.
Hitler's Hofbräu speech and the founding of the NSDAP
Hitler gave his first speech in the Hofbräukeller on 16 October 1919. On 24 February 1920, he organised the biggest meeting at the Hofbräuhaus yet, with over 2,000 people in attendance. It was in this speech that Hitler, for the first time, enunciated the twenty-five points of the German Workers' Party manifesto: abrogation of The Treaty of Versailles, a Greater Germany, Eastern expansion, exclusion of Jews from citizenship, confiscation of war profits, the distribution of the State’s profits of land, and the necessity to seize land for national needs without compensation.
On the same day, the DAP changed its name to the NSDAP, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party).
Every year after that, on 24 February, the Nazis held their annual celebration at the Hofbräuhaus.
The Hofbräuhaus-Battle/ the birth of the SA
On 4 November 1921, at the Hofbräuhaus in Munich, Hitler spoke to a crowd (2000 men) filled with opposition, including the SPD, the Social Democrats. A fight broke out over the issue of an assassination attempt on Erhard Auer, an SPD spokesperson. A full-scale brawl ('Schlacht') followed. The socialists in the audience attacked the SA men with beer mugs they had hidden under the tables as ammunition. Rudolf Hess, who received a skull-base fracture at this occasion, took a leadership role in this fight. Hitler later idealized this scene in Mein Kampf as the ‘baptism of fire’ of his SA men, who were triumphant in the fight despite being outnumbered 50 to 400. At the beginning of Chapter VI he wrote: ‘During that period the hall of the Hofbräu Haus in Munich acquired for us, National Socialists, a sort of mistic significance. Every week there was a meeting, almost always in that hall, and each time the hall was better filled than on the former occasion, and our public more attentive’. 'Deutschland Erwacht' writes in 1933 about the Hofbräuhaus-fight: 'Dies war die Geburtsstunde der Sturmabteilung' ('the fight is considered to mark the birth of the SA').
Below, the well-known painting 'Saalschacht', by Felix Albrecht. Portrayed on numerous posters and postcards. Also depicted in the book 'Deutschand Erwache', page 57.
The Nazis celebrated the day of the NSDAP-founding every year on February 24, at the Hofbräuhaus.
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Left: Adolf Hitler speaking in the Hofbräuhaus on February 24, 1940, the twentieth anniversary of the formation of the NSDAP. The plaque commemorating his speech at February 24, 1920, can be seen behind the ‘blood flag’ behind him (photo: Süddeutsche Zeitung).
Right: close-up from the commemorative plaque (photo: Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, München).
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The Nazis celebrated the day of the NSDAP-founding every year on February 24, at the Hofbräuhaus.
Left: Adolf Hitler speaking in the Hofbräuhaus on February 24, 1940, the twentieth anniversary of the NSDAP.
Right: Adolf Hitler speaking in the Hofbräushaus on February 24, 1941, the twenty-first anniversary of the formation of the NSDAP (photos: Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, München).
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